Što je to PERMAKULTURA?

[Barbabianca]

. . . . ŠTO JE PERMAKULTURA ?

Permakultura je cjelovit životni sustav, dizajniran tako da ima poželjne značajke prirodnih sustava, a svrha mu je zadovoljavanje čovjekovih potreba. Postiže se uspostavljanjem mreže povoljnih odnosa između pojedinih djelova sustava (vrt, farma ili cijela likalna zajednica) tako da se dobije optimalan učinak, obzirom na zatečene okolnosti.
Uspostavljanjem korisnih veza različitih dijelova sustava teži se najvećoj mogućoj samodostatnosti tako da se gotovo sve što je potrebno (inputs) nađe unutar zajednice i da se sve što se stvori, uporabi (i ostane) unutar nje.
Permakultura je počela kao AGRIKULTURA, ali se ne može na nju svesti. Ona obuhvaća cjelinu života i ekvivalent je za «održivi razvoj», s tim što je u izrazu «permakultura» očit naglasak na na trajnosti, tj održivosti (pa i statičnost) a ne na razvoju.
Polazna je postavka da su bogate zemlje već prerazvijene i da se njihov razvoj mora posve podrediti održivost. Pojednostavljeno rečeno, cilj je permakulture stvoriti «jestivi» ekosustav, tj. takav sustav koji će, na najbolji način, trajno zadovoljavati čovjekove potrebe.

Temeljna etička načela:
1. skrb za Zemlju (prirodu)
2. skrb za ljude
3. pravična raspodjela
Prvo načelo odnosi se na samorazumljivu potrebu da sačuvamo ovu našu jedinu Zemlju i predamo je u dobrom stanju, slijedećim generacijama.
Drugo ima za cilj svakom čovjeku dati priliku da zadvolji sve svoje potrebe i živi pounim životom. U prošlosti bilo je društava koja su bila (fizički) potpuno održiva, ali je većina njihovih pripadnika bila osuđena na težak i neprekidan rad, i nije imala prilike razviti svoje ostale ljudske potencijale.
Budući da su prirodni izvori ograničeni pravična raspodjela znači da moramo svoju potrošnju uskladiti s potrebama, a ne pohlepom.

Praktična su pravila permakulture da se počinje raditi s onim što je već tu (sada i ovdje) i to tako da se:
a) sačuva najbolje od postojećeg
b) poboljša postojeće koliko je to moguće i
c) uvodi novo, koje neće imati štetnih posljedica

Osnovna je ideja da svaki čovjek treba proizvoditi bar dio (što veći!) hrane koju troši, a po mogućnosti, i druge poljodjelske proizvode. Tako bi svaki pojedinac bio potaknut da proizvodi i troši samo zdravu hranu primjerenu svojim potrebama.

Permakultura se većim dijelom slaže s organskom zemljoradnjom, ali postoje i neke razlike: NEMA PLODOREDA. Teži se trajnom uzgoju različitih biljaka (osobito trajnica) na istom zemljištu. Bitnim se smatra cjelovitost i povezanost cijelog sustava/zajednice, minimalna čovjekova intervencija (osim u samom početku) i lokalna samodovoljnost.

[gerrit]

ima li permakultura dodirne tacke sa Austrijancem Sepp Holzer ( nisam siguran za prezime) ?
u Austriji je znan kao "poljoprivredni pobunjenik"
stvorio je na "nemogucim polozajima" neke kulture.
Smatram da ce ta kultura odigrati bitnu ulogu u prezivljavanju zbog globalnog zatopljavanja .
vise ce se cijeniti zemlja na brdima négo na nizinama.

[Barbabianca]

Osnivač i dugo vremena glavni u permakulturi bio je Bill Mollison.
Mnogi su mu se kasnije pridružili i jedan od njih je i Sepp Holzer.

Bill Mollison has been called the genius of permaculture, a guru, a living legend, a crank, and even a bombastic old bastard. But whatever you think of him, you'd have to be impressed that Bill's ideas have influenced the lives of millions of people all over the world.

Bill Mollison was born in 1928 and spent his childhood on the beach at Stanley, on the north west coast of Tasmania. It was probably the 'best place ever' to grow up, he reckons, dodging school to roam the rock pools with a bunch of mates.

http://www.abc.net.au/rural/legends/stories/4_1.htm

Permaculture is more than a new way of gardening -
it's a sustainable way to live on planet Earth.

. . AQUACULTURE

Sepp Holzer doesn´t irrigate his plants - he prefers Nature to do it for him. He doesn´t think much of artificial irrigation.

"If I irrigate, I have to fertilise. Too much Irrigation washes out the soil's nutrients. The nitrogen evaporates and all the other nutrients are washed into the ground water, and the plant is left behind without nutrients. Then I have to feed nutrients again, and then I have to irrigate again. That´s a vicious cycle which will never stop, and it costs a lot of money, too.

"If I don´t irrigate, the soil protects itself naturally. That is, the plants use less water by folding their leaves a little, they look rather withered, but they open up again when there is dew and rain. When it rains the soil is prepared to receive - the humidity increases, the soil opens up and soaks up the rain. That´s natural. But when it´s dry the soil protects itself so it won´t dry out. If I irrigate it, I deceive it. It will open up, but then will dry out even faster! Then I have to take care of my plants, they become dependant on me, addicted to me.

"If you have the proper vegetation, the plants regulate themselves wonderfully. You need plants with deep, medium and flat roots. Deep-rooted plants bring up moisture and nutrients from 3 to 4 metres depth and sweat it out on top. They give shade to the plants with flat roots, so they won´t dry out. That´s the exchange – one plant helps the other. You needn’t worry about it being too dry or too wet, if you work in harmony with the earth."

That’s permaculure - working in harmony with nature. It’s very rewarding.

Sepp Holzer’s childhood dream has been realised. His Krameterhof has become a Garden of Eden. A garden whose inhabitants, animal and vegetable, are like a team – his team, supporting each other.
http://www.rawfoodinfo.com/catalog/vd_aquaculture.html

[Barbabianca]

. . Introduction

The word "permaculture" was coined in 1978 by Bill Mollison, an Australian ecologist, and one of his students, David Holmgren. It is a contraction of "permanent agriculture" or "permanent culture."
Permaculture is about designing ecological human habitats and food production systems. It is a land use and community building movement which strives for the harmonious integration of human dwellings, microclimate, annual and perennial plants, animals, soils, and water into stable, productive communities. The focus is not on these elements themselves, but rather on the relationships created among them by the way we place them in the landscape. This synergy is further enhanced by mimicking patterns found in nature.
A central theme in permaculture is the design of ecological landscapes that produce food. Emphasis is placed on multi-use plants, cultural practices such as sheet mulching and trellising, and the integration of animals to recycle nutrients and graze weeds.
However, permaculture entails much more than just food production. Energy-efficient buildings, waste water treatment, recycling, and land stewardship in general are other important components of permaculture. More recently, permaculture has expanded its purview to include economic and social structures that support the evolution and development of more permanent communities, such as co-housing projects and eco-villages. As such, permaculture design concepts are applicable to urban as well as rural settings, and are appropriate for single households as well as whole farms and villages.
"Integrated farming" and "ecological engineering" are terms sometimes used to describe perma-culture, with "cultivated ecology" perhaps coming the closest. Though helpful, these terms alone do not capture the holistic nature of permaculture; thus, the following definitions are included here to provide additional insight.
http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/perma.html#intro

. . Characteristics of Permaculture†

 P. is one of the most holistic, integrated systems analysis and design methodologies found in the world.
 P. can be applied to create productive ecosystems from the human- use standpoint or to help degraded ecosystems recover health and wildness. Permaculture can be applied in any ecosystem, no matter how degraded.
 P. values and validates traditional knowledge and experience. P. incorporates sustainable agriculture practices and land management techniques and strategies from around the world. Permaculture is a bridge between traditional cultures and emergent earth-tuned cultures.
 P. promotes organic agriculture which does not use pesticides to pollute the envir.
 Permac. aims to maximize symbiotic and synergistic relationships between site components.
 Permaculture is urban planning as well as rural land design.
 Permaculture design is site specific, client specific, and culture specific.

. . The Practical Application of Permaculture

Permaculture is not limited to plant and animal agriculture, but also includes community planning and development, use of appropriate technologies (coupled with an adjustment of life-style), and adoption of concepts and philosophies that are both earth-based and people-centered, such as bioregionalism.
Many of the appropriate technologies advocated by permaculturists are well known. Among these are solar and wind power, composting toilets, solar greenhouses, energy efficient housing, and solar food cooking and drying.
Due to the inherent sustainability of perennial cropping systems, permaculture places a heavy emphasis on tree crops. Systems that integrate annual and perennial crops—such as alley cropping and agroforestry—take advantage of "the edge effect," increase biological diversity, and offer other characteristics missing in monoculture systems. Thus, multicropping systems that blend woody perennials and annuals hold promise as viable techniques for large-scale farming. Ecological methods of production for any specific crop or farming system (e.g., soil building practices, biological pest control, composting) are central to permaculture as well as to sustainable agriculture in general.
Since permaculture is not a production system, per se, but rather a land use and community planning philosophy, it is not limited to a specific method of production. Furthermore, as permaculture principles may be adapted to farms or villages worldwide, it is site specific and therefore amenable to locally adapted techniques of production.
As an example, standard organic farming and gardening techniques utilizing cover crops, green manures, crop rotation, and mulches are emphasized in permacultural systems. However, there are many other options and technologies available to sustainable farmers working within a permacultural framework (e.g., chisel plows, no-till implements, spading implements, compost turners, rotational grazing). The decision as to which "system" is employed is site-specific and management dependent.
Farming systems and techniques commonly associated with permaculture include agro- forestry, swales, contour plantings, Keyline agriculture (soil and water management), hedgerows and windbreaks, and integrated farming systems such as pond-dike aquaculture, aquaponics, intercropping, and polyculture.
Gardening and recycling methods common to permaculture include edible landscaping, keyhole gardening, companion planting, trellising, sheet mulching, chicken tractors, solar greenhouses, spiral herb gardens, swales, and vermicomposting.
Water collection, management, and re-use systems like Keyline, greywater, rain catchment, constructed wetlands, aquaponics (the integration of hydroponics with recirculating aquaculture), and solar aquatic ponds (also known as Living Machines) play an important role in permaculture designs.

[delija]

Ups, kako li sam samo stigao na Tasmanijsku web stranicu.

[adriatic]

Ajde da se podsjetimo!


http://www.attra.org/attra-pub/perma.html#intro
http://www.permacultureinternational.org/
http://www.thefarm.org/permaculture/

[adriatic]

Bill Molison:
I can easily teach people to be gardeners, and from them, once they know how to garden, you'll get a philosopher. But I could never teach people to be philosophers - and if I did, you could never make a gardener out of them.
When you get deep ecologists who are philosophers, and they drive cars and take newspapers and don't grow their own vegetables, in fact they're not deep ecologists - they're my enemies.
But if you get someone who looks after himself and those around him - like Scott Nearing, or Masanobu Fukuoka - that's a deep ecologist. He can talk philosophy that I understand. People like that don't poison things, they don't ruin things, they don't lose soils, they don't build things they can't sustain.



Lako mogu naučiti ljude da budu vrtlari a od njih, kada znaju održavati vrt, dobit ćete filozofa. Ali nikad ne mogu naučiti ljude da budu filozofi - a i da uspijem - nikad od njih ne možete načiniti vrtlara.
Kad imate duboke ekologe koji su filozofi, voze auto, čitaju novine i ne uzgajaju svoje povrće, to zapravo nisu duboki ekolozi - nego moji neprijatelji.
Ali ako imate nekoga tko se skrbi za sebe i svoje bližnje - poput Scott-a Nearing-a ili Masanobu Fukuoka-e
- to je duboki ekolog. On može govoriti filozofiju koju razumijem. Ljudi poput njih ne truju stvari, ne uništavaju ih, ne gube plodno tlo, ne grade stvari koje ne mogu održati.

[Barbabianca]

ŠTO JE PERMAKULTURA?

Permakultura kao riječ je nastala spajanjem dviju riječi: PERMAnentna agriKULTURA, a prvi su je put upotrijebila dvojica Australaca; David Holmgren i Bill Mollison sredinom sedamdesetih godina dvadesetog stoljeća. To je sustv koji uključuje sve potencijalne izvore energije koje nam priroda nudi (vjetar, sunce, zemlja, voda) i iskorištava ih na najbolji mogući način, koristeći minimalnu energiju da se stvori samoodrživa cjelina. U permakulturi nema otpada, sve se ponovno koristi, a sve što se iskoristilo se obnavlja i priroda se ne osiromašuje.

PERMAKULTURA SE TEMELJI NA KREIRANJU ODRŽIVIH LJUDSKIH PREBIVALIŠTA KORISTEĆI PRIRODU KAO MODEL.

Permakultura nije vrtlarska metoda, a nije ni 'new age' filozofija. Permakultura je način života u kojem se želi proizvesti svoju hranu i energiju iskorištavajući raspoložive prirodne izvore, a koristeći svoj um, osjećaje i vještine, primjere iz prirode i ne uništavajući prirodu.

Mnogi su gradovi danas žalosan prizor. Nezaposlenost, siromaštvo, beskućništvo, zagađenost, dosada, porast kriminala i zloporaba droga i alkohola samo su neke od tužnih stvari. Kvalitetna hrana, prikladna zdravstvena usluga i zeleni prostori teško se nalaze u gradovima.

ZAJEDNIČKI VRTOVI

Prazna ili zapuštena područja mogu se pretvoriti u resurse zajednice, stvarajući parkove i javne zelene površine gdje se ljudi mogu susretati i opustiti.

LETS SUSTAVI

Omogućuju onima koji raspolažu vještinama, energijom, vremenom, no ne nužno i novcem, da razmjenjuju i dijele ono čime raspolažu unutar lokalne zajednice.

ORGANSKI UZGOJ NA ZAKUPLJENIM PODRUčJIMA

pruža priliku za uzgoj hrane koja je zdrava, čista i sigurno ne sadrži pesticide ni umjetna gnojiva

ZAJEDNIČKO KOMPOSTIRANJE

Recikliranjem organskog otpada kao što je pokošena trava, ostaci hrane, vrtni korov, odrezano granje, otpalo lišće itd. smanjuje se količina otpada koja putuje na deponije.
http://www.ekosela.org/permakultura.php

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AbgzAjR_XHU
http://www.zamirzine.net/spip.php?article2448

[Dent, A.]

gerrit kaže:

ima li permakultura dodirne tacke sa Austrijancem Sepp Holzer ( nisam siguran za prezime) ?
u Austriji je znan kao "poljoprivredni pobunjenik"
stvorio je na "nemogucim polozajima" neke kulture.
Smatram da ce ta kultura odigrati bitnu ulogu u prezivljavanju zbog globalnog zatopljavanja .
vise ce se cijeniti zemlja na brdima négo na nizinama.

Ima. Odnosno, taj covjek vodi svoj poljoprivredni biznis i vlastiti zivot po nacelima permakulture, a radio je to i prije nego je taj izraz uopce nastao.

[žalosna sova]

I jel u to ulazi da netko na dva hektara poljoprivrednog zemljišta posije solarne panele?
Teme, jedna za drugom, nitko s nikim na istom pdf-u

[žalosna sova]

Kako se u permakulturu uklapa milion stanovnika Zagreba? I kako se u premakulturu uklapa održiva proizvodnja energije kao na temi "Bi li se više isplatilo"
Nemojmo miješati tehnologiju proizvodnje hrane i međusobne odnose.
Raspodjela rada, jedni proizvode hranu, a drugi proizvode oruđa za prve, je unaprijedilo čovječanstvo.
Dakle, progooglat ću, jer me zanima tehnologija. Al svom susjedu neću dati da ide preko moje njive jer tjera moje kokoši sa svojih.

[mp1978]

Hmmm... ovo vuče na neke izumrle ideologije... svi dobro znamo da gdje je više od jednog čovjeka dolazi do neslaganja... baš me zanima da ti tuča uništi sav usjev da li bi te susjed hranio cijelu godinu... ili ako raspolažeš sa plodnom suprugom, a susjed ne, da li bi i to podjelio s njim

[Dent, A.]

žalosna sova kaže:

Kako se u permakulturu uklapa milion stanovnika Zagreba? I kako se u premakulturu uklapa održiva proizvodnja energije kao na temi "Bi li se više isplatilo"
Nemojmo miješati tehnologiju proizvodnje hrane i međusobne odnose.
Raspodjela rada, jedni proizvode hranu, a drugi proizvode oruđa za prve, je unaprijedilo čovječanstvo.
Dakle, progooglat ću, jer me zanima tehnologija. Al svom susjedu neću dati da ide preko moje njive jer tjera moje kokoši sa svojih.

permakultura nije nesto sto se dogadja iskljucivo na selu poanta je i u tome da gradovi mogu vecinu hrane proizvesti sami za sebe, i ostaviti ostalu zemlju na miru. na kubi ima jako puno gradskih vrtova nastalih u onoj velikoj krizi 90-etih, ima i dokumentaraca o tome.

a ja se, cisto subjektivno, smatram svestranim bicem, i tek kad radim od svega pomalo mogu shvatiti cjelokupnu sliku. koliko ljudi ima vrt a nije sposobno cak ni kompostirati svoje prirodne otpatke? ne vide cijelu sliku, ne razumiju kako stvari kruze i ciklicki funkcioniraju.

[žalosna sova]

Dent, A. kaže:

na kubi ima jako puno gradskih vrtova nastalih u onoj velikoj krizi 90-etih, ima i dokumentaraca o tome.

I u sarajevu za vrijeme rata.

[18Delta]

autor ovog topica, da napises neku knjigu mozda?
osim sto si uspjesno osgovorio na svoje pitanje....
...ne vidim svrhu ovog topica??????

[beebop]

Baš naletih na jednu zgodnu knjigu na tu temu

Sustainable Agriculture. 2nd edition


koga zanima download link, na pm jer nisam sigurav u vezi copyrighta dali se smije ovdje postati

[beebop]

Permacalture worshop, baš zanimljivo....

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-FNLUsZ32k8

I ja volim ZEMLJUUU )))

[Volintena]

I ja je volin na zemlji!

[beebop]

Volintena kaže:

I ja je volin na zemlji!

trebalo bi probat, nisam još probao na zemlji/blatu... budem obavezno jednom

[zeleni među zelenima]

beebop kaže:

trebalo bi probat, nisam još probao na zemlji/blatu... budem obavezno jednom

Pa, jesi li probao? Ima već dvije godine kako je ovo napisano, a ja sam baš naletio ko petunija na površinu planete, dvije godine kasnije. Moglo bi bit da je nevjerojatnost ovoga događaja 2 na petstotisuća.
Blata inače u permakulturi slabo ima jer se malčira. Permakulturnjašima je blato već odavno dosadilio, pa su malo promatrali kako to radi priroda, pa shvatili, i otada malčiraju.