Alergije kod pasa

[Clearwater]

Ja mislim da bi trebalo otvoriti posebne teme za alimentarne alergije i atopiju, onda bi možda stvari bile jasnije.

[porga]

Kretzy kaže:

U grubo, cca 800 - 900 kuna.
Krema je skupa. Šampon je relativno skup. Samo uzimanje strugotine za gledanje pod mikroskopom je 70 kuna.

Dosta love za mjesec dana istraživanja šta joj je, ali ako joj pomogne... nije važno.

Da si dodala jos 400 kn mogla si napraviti i stvarni test alergije, i postedjeti se muke. A i poslati veterinara u kurac.
(Al ako te tjesi, i ja sam bio kao i ti, dok nisam popizdio i izbrojao lovu. )

[white alien]

liliput99 kaže:

mh.....evo citam, i citam....i vise mi nista nije jasno.
vidjet cu da li ce se stanje poboljsati, al mu sutra obavezno uzimam vitamine i ad kapi(riblje ulje, vet mu je i dao inekciju ad kapi, to zaboravih napisati ). to mu ne moze skoditi nikako.
hranu sam smu promijenila, presli smo na eukanuba sensitiv skin, i jede je ko lud.
cula sam da je janjetina dosta dobra kod pasa sklonim alergijama, pa bih mu i to mogla uvesti u jelovnik.
inace nisam mastoviti sto se tice hrane(ni za sebe, kamoli za psa), pa mu obicno dajem tu eukanubu, sa cezarom, eventualno mladog sira.

Janjetina je odlična, također i plava riba ( riblje ulje jel i još neke stvarčice) pa mu možeš uvesti i ribice u meni, a Cezar bi izbacila , sir je ok kao i jogurt ( pogotovo probiotički), kiselo mlijeko, sirutka , bolje ti je time zaliti hranu ili malo rpokuhanim ribicama ako neće sirove ( može neće ni prokuhane, naši prokuhane hoće, ono smao da bace ključ, a sirove ne bi ni mrtvi jeli, ovako ih tamane )

[liliput99]

ma i sama znam da previshe te mesine jede (cezar ili pedigree kesica). ne mogu ni zamisliti od cega to prave i koji je kvalitet.
mladi sir voli, probat cu mu dati jogurt
koje ribice ti uzimas, ja sa kuhanjem veze nemam, tako da mi sve treba pojasniti.
sto se tice janjetine, toga cu morati malo vishe da mu dajem.

[white alien]

Te slastice koje psi inače vole, izbjegavaj jer su pune ( pogotovo pedigee) konzervansa i bojila i čega sve ne i lako mogu izazvati alergije itd.

Od riciba možeš uzeti girice, papaline ili srdelice, ali ove prve dvije su ti živi jeftinjak po kilogramu ( do 10 kn, nekad čak 5) i prokuhaš ih da vriju par minuta ( minut-dvije) pa mu umješaš malo kuhane riže, možeš umješati i sir ili bez i daš ( ohlađeno naravno). I nije to neko kuhanje niti je problem, brzo s napravi, ono rižu zavriješ i poklopiš i ostaviš dok ne nabubri, a ribice sam rekla kako i pomjkešaš ( ribice se raspadnu u procesu u kašu)

[Clearwater]

Ne znam zašto preporučavati sir, kada se zna da su mliijeko i mliječni proizvodi jedni od najčešćih alergena u pasa...Drugo, intenzivno hranjenje ribom ne bih preporučio, zbog više razloga, a osobito ne plavom ribom, ili onom koja sadrži puno masnoće, a to je u pravilu plava riba. Poznato je da meso ribe sadrži enzim tiaminazu, koja razlaže tiamin (B1 vitamin), i može dovesti do pomanjkanja B1 vitamina u organizmu. Meso riba bogatih uljem često ima premalu količinu antioksidansa, pa se kod dugotrajnijeg davanja može javiti pansteatitis, tj takozvana bolest žute masti (yellow fat disease), tako da... ok je riba, ali ne treba pretjerivati ni s njom.
Nekakva alternativa ribi, a uzevši u obzir cijenu, bila bi zapravo svinjetina, koja ustvari i nije loš izbor, jer vrlo vjerojatno najveći broj pasa tijekom života konzumira zanemarive količine, pa je i ekspozicija proteinima iz svinjetine minimalna. Janjetina, jaretina, konjetina i slično su dobre, ali bojim se da tu cijena ipak igra neku ulogu... isto tako, riža, prednost joj je što je jeftina, ali dosta komercijalnih hrana sadrži rižu u ovoj ili onoj količini; nju se može zamijeniti drugim, manje korištenim žitaricama, poput ječma....

[porga]

Food Allergy, Gastrointestinal

BASIC INFORMATION

DEFINITION

Food allergy and food intolerance are repeatable adverse reactions to specific dietary components that respond to exclusion of the causative agent. Food allergy is immune-mediated, whereas food intolerance is not.

SYNONYM(S)

Dietary/food hypersensitivity

EPIDEMIOLOGY

SPECIES, AGE, SEX · Dogs and cats · Age 4 months to 14 years; typically <1 or >5 years old

GENETICS AND BREED PREDISPOSITION · Dogs: cocker spaniel, springer spaniel, Labrador retriever, collie, miniature schnauzer, shar-pei, West Highland white terrier, Wheaten terrier, boxer, dachshund, dalmatian, Lhasa apso, German shepherd, and golden retriever at increased risk · Irish setter, soft-coated Wheaten terrier: familial gluten-sensitive enteropathy · Cats: Siamese and Siamese-cross

RISK FACTORS · Increased intestinal permeability (e.g., viral enteritis, inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]) · Immunoglobulin (Ig) A deficiency · Allergic disease · Repeated exposure to novel proteins in young animals

GEOGRAPHY AND SEASONALITY: Usually nonseasonal, as the provocative agent is typically part of the normal diet.

ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS AND DISORDERS · Gastrointestinal (GI): antibiotic-responsive enteritis (small intestinal bacterial overgrowth), IBD, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, pancreatitis, chronic gastritis, gastroesophageal reflux, lymphangiectasia · Skin disease: food allergy, dermatologic (see Food Allergy, Dermatologic, p 396), atopic dermatitis (see Atopy, p 96)

CLINICAL PRESENTATION

HISTORY, CHIEF COMPLAINT · Vomiting, weight loss, intermittent signs of abdominal pain, soft feces, diarrhea, flatulence, increased frequency of defecation, irritable demeanor, and/or concurrent cutaneous signs. · The allergen(s) typically have been ingested for months to years before signs develop. If an allergen is ingested intermittently, the owner may note an association between ingestion and occurrence of signs.

PHYSICAL EXAM FINDINGS · Systemic: thin body condition, decreased appetite, weight loss, lethargy, urticaria/angioedema/anaphylaxis. · GI-specific: abdominal distention, diarrhea. · Skin: pruritic (face, neck, ears, ventral trunk, and feet) otitis externa, uritica, or angioedema. In cats, self-inflicted alopecia or miliary dermatitis may be observed. · Allergic conjunctivitis possible.

ETIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
· Food allergens + altered GI mucosal barrier or poor oral tolerance · Gliadin in gluten portion of wheat, barley, or rye serves as potent antigen (see Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy, p 444) · Abnormal immunologic response (often IgE mediated) · Immediate and/or delayed hypersensitivity reaction · Altered GI structure and function (any level of GI tract from stomach to large intestine)

DIAGNOSIS
Dietary hypersensitivity is diagnosed based on negative results of routine diagnostic tests, GI biopsy results indicating inflammation (if biopsy performed), and positive response to an elimination food trial. An accurate diagnosis depends on ensuring that: (1) an elimination diet is truly novel (complete dietary history elicited by veterinarian and provided by owner, and all ingredients ever ingested are eliminated during the trial), (2) client compliance is optimal, and (3) confounding factors (e.g., treatment with antibiotics or corticosteroids) do not occur concurrently.

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
· Any chronic GI disorder (e.g., lymphangiectasia, IBD, lymphoma, enteritis [bacterial, viral, fungal]) · Dietary indiscretion · Pancreatic disease (pancreatitis, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency [EPI]) · Liver disease · Hyperthyroidism (cats) · Metabolic/endocrine (diabetes mellitus, hypoadrenocorticism, acid/base or electrolyte disturbances)

INITIAL DATABASE
· Dietary history: o Thoroughly evaluate the current diet, including regular food, treats, snacks, human food, scraps, flavored medications, and anything else ingested; read all ingredient labels · Complete blood count: often unremarkable; mild anemia of chronic disease, increased eosinophils or basophils possible · Serum biochemistry profile: nonspecific changes · Urinalysis: nonspecific; dogs with chronic inflammatory diseases, IBD, etc., may have concurrent proteinuria (protein-losing nephropathy) · Fecal flotation and smear: rule out parasitism · Feline immunodeficiency virus/feline leukemia virus testing in cats · Serum T4/thyroid profile: for hyperthyroidism in cats

ADVANCED OR CONFIRMATORY TESTING
· Elimination food trial: diagnostic test of choice; both diagnostic and therapeutic. · Intradermal skin or serum allergen testing (patients with concurrent cutaneous signs); both skin and serum tests for specific food allergens are unreliable. · Abdominal radiography and ultrasonography to rule out other causes of GI disease (e.g., evidence of obstruction, masses, infiltration, non-GI abdominal lesions); findings usually unremarkable. · Endoscopy with biopsy and histopathologic evaluation of GI mucosa to rule out other structural GI diseases. With food allergy, as with IBD, nonspecific increases in lymphocytes, plasma cells, or eosinophils in the lamina propria are found; confirmation requires favorable response to dietary modification. · Serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity (rule out EPI). · Serum bile acids: hepatopathies. Severe GI disease may falsely lower serum bile acid concentrations.

TREATMENT
THERAPEUTIC GOAL(S)
· Control clinical signs. Usually achievable solely by eliminating the provocative dietary component(s). o Feed a limited number of protein sources (with high digestibility) such as novel protein sources, or protein hydrolysate-containing diet o Avoidance of wheat, barley, or rye ingredients (gluten-induced enteropathy) o Long-term control. Feed a satisfactory diet not containing the provocative component(s); most owners prefer a commercial diet. Must be sustainable for months to years. Identify treats without the allergen.

ACUTE AND CHRONIC TREATMENT
Elimination food trial lasting 4 to 8 weeks: o Provide a single, specific food, ideally with a novel protein (e.g., venison, duck, or other meat not found in foods previously eaten by the pet) and carbohydrate source. Commercial or home-made limited antigen, or hydrolyzed protein, diets may be used. Many commercial limited antigen diets are available; selection is based on patient's current diet and avoidance of known provocative ingredients. Commercial limited antigen diet may be preferred by some, but home-prepared limited antigen diets are the gold standard (if the owner can feed the diet exclusively for up to 8 weeks). o No other food (or supplements, treats, chewable medications, or other consumables) may be consumed during the trial. Because the problem is immune-mediated, even a single violation can reactivate hypersensitivity. o Client compliance is essential. Both deliberate (e.g., treats, human foods and snacks, etc.) and inadvertent (e.g., chewable heartworm tablets) violations of the trial must be avoided. · GI signs typically start to abate within days, and substantial improvement usually occurs within 4 weeks: o Although partial improvement is expected within 4 weeks, up to 8 weeks may be needed before significant abatement of clinical signs occurs. o Absence of clinical improvement after 8 weeks of strict diet adherence makes food allergy extremely unlikely. · Skin lesions may take 8 weeks or longer to resolve, although significant improvement is seen within 8 weeks in the vast majority of cases. · Concurrent treatment with corticosteroids (prednisone 1-2 mg/kg orally q 24h, tapering to lowest effective dose and stopping if signs resolve; prednisolone is preferred for cats) is often necessary, but will invalidate conclusions if implemented during the trial. o If a positive response to the diet is seen, a food challenge is performed to confirm the diagnosis, and to unambiguously identify the provocative antigen. Additional ingredients are added individually until the signs recur. Clients often are reluctant to do this, but if the patient becomes allergic to the current hypoallergenic diet, there is no way to identify which specific ingredient was allergenic to permit rational choice of an alternative diet. o Challenge with the regular food(s) usually results in recrudescence of clinical signs within hours to a few days. o Any diet without allergens identified via provocative challenge may be fed, even regular commercial diets. o Absence of signs within 14 days of continuous provocative challenge makes any improvement during the trial unlikely to have resulted from diet therapy.

POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS

· Inappetence, weight loss · Nutritional-related problems if imbalanced home-made food used · Intestinal neoplasia (lymphoma) as consequence of chronic GI inflammation

RECOMMENDED MONITORING

If clinical improvement and resolution of clinical signs occur with the trial diet, diagnosis of food sensitivity is confirmed by recurrence of the same clinical signs (provocative challenge) after reintroduction of the original diet (including all treats, snacks, flavored medications, etc.)

PROGNOSIS AND OUTCOME

Good prognosis if offending foods or ingredients are identified and eliminated from the diet

PEARLS & CONSIDERATIONS

COMMENTS

· Food hypersensitivity should be a differential diagnosis in almost all animals presenting with chronic GI signs. · Although it can be difficult to convince owners to complete a strict food trial for 4 to 8 weeks, they should be encouraged to do so, as food sensitivity is a "good" disease (i.e., entirely curable by simply changing the diet). · Using a food diary during the elimination trial helps the owner monitor clinical response and compliance.

[porga]

CLIENT EDUCATION

· Human food sources, snacks, treats, and food for other animals (e.g., dog having access to cat food) can be an allergen. · Provide a handout listing all items the animal may not ingest during the food trial to be read by all household members. · Contact the owner during the first week of the food trial to check that the elimination diet has been started, provide support, and address any problems that may have arisen (e.g., patient will not eat the food).SUGGESTED READING

Buffington CAT, Holloway C, Abood SK: Manual of Veterinary Dietetics. St. Louis, Elsevier, 2004, pp 118-121.

De Weck AL, et al: Dog allergy, a model for allergy genetics. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 113:55, 1997.
Hall EJ: Dietary sensitivity. In Bonagura JD (ed): Kirk's Current Veterinary Therapy (XI
II). Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 2000, pp 632-637.

Jackson HA, Hammerberg B: Evaluation of a spontaneous canine model of immunoglobulin E-mediated food hypersensitivity: Dynamic changes in serum and fecal immunoglobulin E values relative to dietary change. Comp Med 52:316-321, 2002.

Olsen ME, et al: Hypersensitivity to dietary antigens in atopic dogs. In Reinhart GA, Carey DP (eds): Recent Advances in Canine and Feline Nutrition, vol 3. Wilmington, DE, Orange Frazer Press, 2000, pp 69-77.

Roudebush P, Guilford WG, Shanley KV: Adverse reactions to food. In Hand MS, Thatcher CD, Remillard RL, Roudebush P (eds): Small Animal Clinical Nutrition, ed 4. Topeka, KS, Mark Morris Institute, 2000, pp 431-453.

AUTHORS: ANDREW HILLIER, PHILIP ROUDEBUSH

EDITORS: C. A. TONY BUFFINGTON, DEBRA L. ZORAN

[porga]

Food Allergy, Dermatologic

BASIC INFORMATION

DEFINITION

An abnormal response to an ingested food or food additive that produces clinical signs, most commonly pruritus, affecting the skin

SYNONYM(S)

The preferred term is dermatologic adverse reaction to food. The terms food allergy or food hypersensitivity are often incorrectly used synonymously with adverse food reaction. These terms more accurately refer specifically to the subcategory of adverse food reactions that have an immunologic basis. The term food intolerance, also encompassed within dermatologic adverse reaction to food, is reserved for the subcategory of adverse food reactions without an immunologic basis and includes metabolic food reactions, food poisoning, food idiosyncrasies, and pharmacologic reactions to food.

EPIDEMIOLOGY

SPECIES, AGE, SEX · Dogs: from 4 months to 14 years: o Up to one-third of cases occur in dogs less than 1 year old o No sex predilection · Cats: from 6 months to 12 years: o 50% develop signs by 2 years o No sex predilection

GENETICS AND BREED PREDISPOSITION · Dogs: Some authors propose that the cocker spaniel, springer spaniel, Labrador retriever, collie, miniature schnauzer, Chinese shar-pei, West Highland white terrier, Wheaten terrier, boxer, dachshund, dalmatian, Lhasa apso, German shepherd, and golden retriever are at increased risk. · Cats: the Siamese cat may be at increased risk.

RISK FACTORS: Risk factors include certain foods or food ingredients, poorly digestible proteins, any disease that increases intestinal mucosal permeability, selective IgA deficiency, certain breeds, age (<1 year), and concurrent allergic disease.

GEOGRAPHY AND SEASONALITY: Nonseasonal.

ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS AND DISORDERS · 20-30% of cases have concurrent atopy or flea allergy dermatitis. · 10-15% of cases may have concurrent gastrointestinal (GI) signs such as vomiting and/or diarrhea. · Secondary infections with bacteria and yeast are common.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION

HISTORY, CHIEF COMPLAINT · The chief complaint is of nonseasonal pruritus, recurrent pyoderma or otitis externa. · There may be a history of a poor response to glucocorticoid therapy. · Adverse food reactions with an immunologic component (food allergy, food hypersensitivity) usually develop after prolonged exposure to a food allergen, whereas food intolerance may occur after a single exposure, as immune mechanisms are not involved.

PHYSICAL EXAM FINDINGS · No classic pattern exists · Dogs: o Lesion distribution: feet, face, axillae, perineal region, inguinal region, rump, and ears. o 25% may show only otitis externa (Fig. I-73). o Lesions may consist of papules, pustules, wheals, angioedema, erythema, ulcers, excoriations, lichenification, alopecia, scales, crust, acute moist pyotraumatic dermatitis. · Cats: o Lesion distribution: usually centered around the head and neck but may be generalized. o Manifestations may consist of generalized pruritus without lesions; miliary dermatitis; pruritus with self-trauma centered around the head, neck, and ears; self-induced alopecia; scaling dermatoses; lesions of the eosinophilic granuloma complex; angioedema; urticaria; conjunctivitis.

ETIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

· A variety of etiologies are proposed to cause dermatologic adverse food reactions. · The majority are attributed to food allergies; however, immunologic tests are rarely performed to confirm this suspicion. · Common food allergens in dogs include beef, dairy products, wheat, eggs, chicken, lamb, and soy. Common food allergens in cats include beef, dairy products, and fish. · Food allergies are thought to be the result of primarily a type I hypersensitivity reaction, although type III and IV reactions have also been proposed. · Several host defenses exist to prevent the absorption of intact allergens from the GI tract, including effective digestion, intestinal peristalsis, an intact intestinal mucus layer, tight junctions between mucosal cells, and mucosal IgA. The small amounts of food proteins that do cross the intestinal mucosa activate T-suppressor cells and stimulate an immune response in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue that leads to tolerance. A defect in any of these defense mechanisms may lead to sensitization of the immune system and the development of a food allergy. · Idiosyncratic adverse reactions to food and food additives, such as erythema multiforme, are suspected to occur in animals, although this has not been proven. · Some foods contain products that may directly produce a pharmacologic effect. Scromboid fish such as tuna, mackerel, skipjack, and bonito contain vasoactive amines such as histamine, and have been reported to cause adverse reactions in cats and dogs. Cadeverine, another vasoactive amine, may exacerbate adverse food reactions by inhibiting histamine metabolism.

DIAGNOSIS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

· Ectoparasites (Sarcoptes, Demodex (uncommonly), Cheyletiella, Notoedres, Otodectes, fleas, lice) · Bacterial folliculitis (Staphylococcus intermedius) · Malassezia dermatitis · Other hypersensitivity disorders (atopy, flea bite hypersensitivity, other ectoparasite hypersensitivities, intestinal parasite hypersensitivity, contact hypersensitivity, drug hypersensitivity) · Dermatophytosis (ringworm) · Seborrheic skin diseases · Behavioral disorders (feline psychogenic alopecia, flank sucking, tail-biting, self-nursing) · Neoplasia (mast cell tumor, epitheliotropic lymphoma)



INITIAL DATABASE

· Cytologic evaluation: Secondary microbial infections with bacteria and yeast are common. Acetate tape, direct impression smears, and superficial skin scrapings are appropriate methods for obtaining cytologic samples. Ears and interdigital and intertriginous regions are commonly affected. The significance of any secondary microbial infection is determined by assessing the patient's response to appropriate antimicrobial therapy. · Skin scrapings: Deep, focal skin scrapes should be used to detect Demodex mites, while broad superficial scrapes may be more beneficial in detecting Sarcoptes. Note: the Sarcoptes mite may not be detected on skin scrapings, and Sarcoptes infestation requires a trial course of appropriate therapy to be fully ruled out when the index of suspicion for infection is high. · Examination for fleas/flea comb: While the presence of fleas, flea dirt, or tapeworms raises the index of suspicion, flea allergy dermatitis should be fully ruled out by treatment with an appropriate adulticidal flea control product in patients presenting with pruritic skin disease. · Elimination diet: this is the only useful test for confirming the diagnosis of adverse food reaction. Current serologic tests correlate poorly with the true offending allergen. The ideal diet should be nutritionally adequate and use a single highly digestible protein source or protein hydrolysate, avoiding additives and vasoactive amines. The exact protein source is not important, but it should be one to which the animal has not been previously exposed. This diet should be fed exclusively for 10 to 12 weeks, ensuring that treats, flavored heartworm preventives, table scraps, and any other source of food are also eliminated from the diet. A significant decrease in pruritus is typically seen within 4 to 6 weeks, but may take up to 12 weeks. Properly prepared home-cooked diets are an alternative to commercial products, although it may be challenging to ensure that they are nutritionally balanced (this requirement may be waived for the duration of the diet trial as long as the patient appears to be maintaining body condition).

ADVANCED OR CONFIRMATORY TESTING

Dietary challenge: This is a necessary step to confirm the diagnosis. The original diet is fed back to the animal for 10 to 14 days. In most cases of true adverse food reaction there is an exacerbation in pruritus within 3 to 7 days, but it may take up to 14 days. Once the pruritus is under control again, individual ingredients may be fed for 14 days each to determine which ingredients caused the adverse reaction. In most cases only one or two substances are the cause of the adverse reaction.

TREATMENT

THERAPEUTIC GOAL(S)

Elimination of pruritus

ACUTE GENERAL TREATMENT

· Manage any secondary microbial infection with appropriate antimicrobial therapy. · Avoid feeding the offending food. · Topical or systemic antipruritic therapy may be necessary initially to control self-trauma. Corticosteroid use should be avoided where possible, as it may mask other conditions and make it more difficult to assess response to the elimination diet trial.

CHRONIC TREATMENT

The patient may be maintained on a balanced home-cooked or commercial elimination diet, or provocative testing with individual ingredients may be used for determining which dietary components can be tolerated.

PROGNOSIS AND OUTCOME

The prognosis is excellent with avoidance of offending foods

PEARLS & CONSIDERATIONS

COMMENTS

· The first step when dealing with any suspect dermatologic adverse food reaction is to make sure that other causes of pruritus have been ruled out. · In some cases a single elimination trial may be insufficient and a second elimination trial using an alternative commercial novel protein or hydrolysed protein source or a novel protein home-cooked diet may be required to see improvement.

SUGGESTED READING

Jackson HA: Diagnostic techniques in dermatology: The investigation and diagnosis of adverse food reactions in dogs and cats. Clin Techn Small Anim Pract 16:4, 2001.

Roudebush P, Guilford WG, Shanley KJ: Adverse reactions to food. In Hand MS, Thatcher CD, Remillard RL, Roudebush P (eds): Small Animal Clinical Nutrition, ed 4. Marceline, Mark Morris Institute, 2000, pp 431-453.

Scott DW, Miller WH, Griffin CE: Skin immune system and allergic skin diseases. In Scott DW, Miller WH, Griffin CE (eds): Muller and Kirk's Small Animal Dermatology, ed 6. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 2001, pp 615-627.

AUTHOR: ANDREW LOWE

[white alien]

Nisam ni rekla da treba psa hraniti isključivo ribom nego da se može davati obrok ribe jednom tjedno i sl.
Mi psima koji su obje pasmine navodno sklone alergijama dajemo jako često sir, kiselo mlijeko ili domaći jogurt ( doma fermentirano od sviježeg kontroliranog mlijeka s farme) i nikad nisu imali nikakvih problema, a dosta je pasa i dosta vremena u pitanju.

[porga]

FOOD ALLERGY

About the Diagnosis

Cause: A food allergy is a reaction by the immune system to particular foods or food ingredients. For unknown reasons, in a small number of dogs and cats the immune system mounts an unusually strong response to some foods. The most common causes for both dogs and cats are proteins found in beef, chicken, dairy products, eggs, wheat, corn, and soy. In cats, fish is also included in the list. Some breeds appear to be predisposed to developing food allergies. It is important to understand that food allergies develop only after the immune system has been previously "exposed" to a food. In fact, most dogs and cats have been eating a particular food for months or years before adverse reactions like allergies to it are noticed.

Food allergies can develop in dogs and cats ranging in age from several months to their geriatric years. Symptoms include itchiness (pruritus), dry or crusty skin, and hair loss (alopecia); one or more parts of the body can be affected. These include the ears, face, paws, the area around the anus, armpits, and groin, and others. Secondary infections (bacterial, yeast) of the skin can develop, and self-induced trauma of the skin can be a problem. Intestinal disturbances including frequent bowel movements, loose stools, diarrhea, or vomiting occur in some cases. Food allergies cause skin-related symptoms similar to those seen with several other allergies such as flea and inhalant (atopy) allergies.

Diagnosis: Your veterinarian will perform a thorough physical exam and take a complete medical/dietary history. Be sure to list everything that is ingested-food, treats, heartworm medication, hairball treatment, feces (coprophagia), etc. It doesn't matter if it has been consumed for years or weeks-include everything. To diagnose this disorder, the suspected food is completely eliminated from the diet for approximately 4 to 12 weeks. During this time, your veterinarian will provide a commercially-prepared diet that is nutritionally complete. Home-prepared diets are another option. It is essential to consult with your veterinarian in order to ensure that any home-made diets contain all nutrients, to avoid serious health problems related to nutritional deficits. Your veterinarian will discuss diet options with you. It is important that your dog or cat has never had any ingredient in the diet before and that this is the only food offered during this trial period. If your dog or cat improves while on this diet, then a food allergy is very likely the cause of the symptoms. At this time, they are "challenged" with the food that was eliminated, to be sure improvement was not just the natural course of some other skin or intestinal disorder. If symptoms worsen or return, then that food is the probable cause and it must never be fed again, so as to avoid recurrent symptoms.

Living with the Diagnosis

Avoid giving the allergenic food altogether. Even a small amount can cause full-blown symptoms in some dogs and cats. You may need to read ingredient labels carefully before buying food and treats. All family members need to observe this rule, and if your pet is kenneled, be sure that the kennel employees are informed. If you have more than one dog or cat in the household, adherence may require changing the diet for all to prevent the possibility of consuming the others' food.

Give all medications as directed and know the possible side effects.

TREATMENT

Antihistamines or corticosteroids may be given to control itching. Antibiotics or other medications help to control secondary infections. Special shampoos may make your dog or cat more comfortable. These are temporary solutions, and tackling the root cause of the allergy is the best way of eliminating symptoms. When the allergenic food or food ingredient is identified, it is strictly avoided.
Rarely, severe reactions to food (anaphylaxis) occur. Hives, facial swelling, and/or breathing problems result. This can be an emergency; take your pet to your veterinarian or to the local veterinary emergency clinic immediately.

DOs

· Provide a thorough list of all things that your dog or cat eats. · Inform your veterinarian if your dog or cat has ever been diagnosed with a medical condition and is taking medication. · Realize that even one exposure (one bite) of a food or treat that is allergenic can cause days or weeks of symptoms, and that strict adherence to a hypoallergenic diet is essential in pets with food allergy. · Give medication exactly as directed by your veterinarian, and if you are concerned about possible negative effects, discuss them with your veterinarian immediately rather than simply discontinuing the treatment.

DON'Ts

· Do not give any other foods (including treats, chewable medications like heartworm preventative flavor cubes, etc.) than the one selected by your veterinarian after the food trial has started. · Do not give medication that you have at home that has been prescribed for human use; some of these may interfere with treatment and cause even more severe problems.

When to Call Your Veterinarian

· If your dog or cat will not eat the trial diet-cats that don't eat can develop serious complications. · If you cannot keep a scheduled appointment. · If you are unable to give medication as directed.

Signs to Watch For

· Watch for general signs of illness, which include vomiting, diarrhea, decreased appetite, weight changes, and changes in behavior such as hiding more than usual and aggressiveness. · Watch for signs of food allergies, which include itching, redness, crusts or scales on the skin, frequent bowel movements, loose stools, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Routine Follow-Up

· Follow-up appointments are scheduled during the food trial and subsequent challenge to monitor progress.

Additional Information
:
· Although one food or food ingredient may be identified as an allergen, allergies to other foods can develop later in life. See your veterinarian if symptoms return.

__________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ _____________

Imam toga jos o alergijama, pa ako netko hoce nek kaze, postati cu.

[typhoid_mary]

otvorila sam temu jer sam trazila i nisam nasla temu o alergijama...
naime luna se cesala 2 dana stalno i otisli smo kod veterinara, na kozi nema nista, uši ciste, sve ok al onda i dalje capom drma po glavi sad slabije, al polako si se pocela skidat dlakicu. e sad veterinarka je nama rekla da je vjerovatno alergija na trave (hrana nije, nista joj nisam mjenjala ni davala novo sto vec inache ne klopa), pa me zanima kako vi to sredite? na claritinima ju nemrem drzat svaki dan do iduce zime. a vet nam rekla da izbjegavamo žbunja itd te da stavimo advocate i da bi to pomoglo (pomogao je u demodexu), mozda da ju najbolje odvedem na alergenski test? neka misljenja bi dobro dosla

[afra]

Moja bijela stafordica ima alergije od malena.
Čak smo imali i napade povremenog prestanka disanja pa smo jurili po injekciju kod veta hitno.
No, osim tih rijetkih slučajeva, inače je "samo" alergična na grinje koje imamo svi u kući plus grinje u hrani i na buhe.
Napravili smo test, krv smo slali u Madrid na analizu, ona nije ispala alergična na travu nego na te druge stvari.
U svakom slučaju predlažem svakome da napravi test iz krvi, najbolje se vidi da li je, i na što je pas alergičan, pa ne morate više nagađati.

[DorianGrey]

Mary,Afra je u pravu bez alergo testa nis,sve je samo nagadanje.

[typhoid_mary]

afra hvala puno, sutra idemo onda do veta da se dogovorimo sve i raspitamo, da je meni duša na miru jer ona se cese samo kad dođemo iz setnje, al vidit cemo sta strucnjaci kazu

[Smartie]

Kaj nema negdje bliže od Madrida?

[dragoness]

Smartie kaže:

Kaj nema negdje bliže od Madrida?

hamburg ? mislim da je tamo ćirić slao uzorke od moje pasice nemojte me držat za riječ, ali mislim da je tamo....

[DorianGrey]

dragoness kaže:

hamburg ? mislim da je tamo ćirić slao uzorke od moje pasice nemojte me držat za riječ, ali mislim da je tamo....

Mislim da je Beč,ali ni mene nemojte držati za riječ

[typhoid_mary]

danas sam zvala i ima AVA vet. ambulatna pitah za cijenu koliko love moram pripremit, rekli su da nis nemre rec prek telefona vec da dođemo, a moja vet je uvjerena da je trava, jer danas smo promatrali kad gurne nos tam di ne treba, odmah nakon toga prođe par min cohanje glave, zavezat cu joj noge ko piceku ako jos jednom pipne glavu ostalo nis ne dira i dlakica je svuda dobra, normalno linjanje u ovo doba

[tihaluka]

Da li ste se nakon testiranja odlučili i za serum?
Mi smo prošli tjedan saznali da je pesonja alergičan na: junetinu, puretinu, grinje i travu pa nije nam preostalo drugo nego naručiti serum ili gledati ga kak se pati.
Ono što me zanima je slijedeće:
da li serum koristi, odnosno da li smanjuje simptome bar za 50 % ?